Being towards death

1. Cat-Kicking Effect

A father was criticized by his boss at work and came home to scold his child who was jumping on the sofa. The child, feeling angry, kicked the cat rolling nearby. The cat ran into the street just as a truck was coming, and the driver swerved to avoid it, injuring a child on the roadside instead.

This chain reaction of venting dissatisfaction on someone weaker or of lower status is known in psychology as the "Cat-Kicking Effect," illustrating a typical contagion of bad emotions.

2. Involution Effect

Staying at a simple level for a long time, without development, growth, or any change, maintaining a stable level and continuously repeating, while lacking the ability to adapt to upcoming changes, is referred to as the "Involution Effect."

3. Rosenthal Effect

The Rosenthal Effect is a social psychological phenomenon where conveying positive expectations to a person leads to faster progress and better development. Conversely, conveying negative expectations can lead a person to give up and lose motivation.

4. House Demolition Effect

Mr. Lu Xun wrote in 1927 in "Silent China": "The Chinese temperament always prefers harmony and compromise. For example, if you say this house is too dark and suggest opening a skylight, everyone will definitely oppose it. But if you propose to tear off the roof, they will come to a compromise and agree to open a skylight." This psychological phenomenon of first making a large demand and then a smaller one is known as the "House Demolition Effect."

5. Matthew Effect

The Matthew Effect refers to the phenomenon where the good get better, the bad get worse, the many get more, and the few get less, indicating polarization.

6. Barnum Effect

People often believe that a vague, general personality description accurately reveals their characteristics. When ordinary, ambiguous, and broad adjectives are used to describe someone, people tend to easily accept these descriptions and believe they apply to themselves. This psychological phenomenon is called the "Barnum Effect."

7. Suspension Bridge Effect

On a suspension bridge, due to the dangerous situation, people's heart rates increase unconsciously. If they happen to meet someone of the opposite sex at that moment, they may mistakenly interpret the increased heart rate caused by the situation as a physiological response to attraction, leading to romantic feelings. This is known as the famous "Suspension Bridge Effect."

8. Pacifier Theory

Due to the continuous rise in productivity, 80% of the world's population will not need to or be able to actively participate in the production of goods and services. To avoid class conflict between the marginalized 80% and the 20% elite, one way to comfort these "abandoned" people is to create "pacifiers," which are intoxicating entertainment and sensory-stimulating products, such as the internet, television, and games, filling people's lives with these "pacifiers," diverting their attention and dissatisfaction, causing them to lose their ability to think and become indifferent to challenging the existing ruling class. This is the famous "Pacifier Theory."

9. Lazy Ant Effect

A research team from Hokkaido University in Japan observed the activities of three colonies of black ants, each consisting of 30 ants. They found that most ants diligently searched for and transported food, while a few ants did nothing all day, looking around. They called these ants "lazy ants." Observations revealed that the "lazy ants" spent most of their time on "scouting" and "research." They could identify weaknesses in the organization while maintaining a state of exploration for new food sources, ensuring the colony continuously received new food. This is known as the "Lazy Ant Effect."

10. Halo Effect

When a person's certain quality or a characteristic of an item leaves a very good impression, under the influence of this impression, people tend to give better evaluations to other qualities of that person or other characteristics of that item. This psychological phenomenon is called the "Halo Effect," also known as the prejudice effect.

11. Tyndall Effect

The Tyndall Effect refers to the phenomenon where a beam of light passing through a colloid can be observed as a bright path in the colloid from the direction of the perpendicular incident light. This phenomenon is known as the Tyndall phenomenon or Tyndall effect.

12. South Wind Effect

French writer La Fontaine wrote a fable about the North Wind and the South Wind competing in strength to see who could make a traveler take off his coat. The North Wind first blew a cold, biting wind, causing the traveler to wrap his coat tightly around himself. The South Wind then blew gently, and the traveler, feeling warm, began to unbutton and then take off his coat. The result was clear: the South Wind won. This is the "South Wind Effect," meaning that when dealing with interpersonal relationships, one should pay attention to methods and approaches.

13. Flywheel Effect

To get a stationary flywheel to turn, you must initially exert a lot of effort, pushing it around repeatedly. Each turn is laborious, but every effort counts, and the flywheel will begin to spin faster. After reaching a certain critical point, the weight and momentum of the flywheel become part of the driving force. At this point, you no longer need to exert as much effort; the flywheel will continue to spin quickly and continuously. This is the "Flywheel Effect," reminding us that in the initial stages of any endeavor, sufficient persistence and effort are necessary.

14. Delayed Gratification Effect

The willingness to give up or delay immediate satisfaction for long-term, greater benefits, while maintaining good self-control during the wait, is referred to as "Delayed Gratification."

15. Black Swan Effect

Extremely unpredictable and unusual events that typically trigger a chain of negative reactions in the market or even cause upheaval are known as "Black Swan Events," also called the "Black Swan Effect."

16. Primacy Effect

The Primacy Effect, first proposed by American psychologist Luchins, is also known as the first impression effect or priority effect. It refers to the influence of the first impression formed between two parties on their future relationship, which is the effect of "first impressions matter." Although these first impressions are not always correct, they are the most vivid and lasting, determining the course of future interactions.

17. Recency Effect

In situations where multiple stimuli with different meanings appear sequentially, the determining factor for impression formation is the later newly appearing stimulus. For example, when introducing a person, if you first mention their strengths and then say "but" followed by many weaknesses, the latter part of the statement influences the impression formation, which belongs to the "Recency Effect," where the latest stimulus prompts the psychological effect of impression formation.

18. Mushroom Effect

Mushrooms grow in dark corners, without sunlight or fertilizer, surviving on their own, and only when they grow tall enough do they begin to attract attention, by which time they can already accept sunlight. This phenomenon is known as the "Mushroom Effect." The Mushroom Effect tells us that enduring hardship is not necessarily a bad thing, especially for young people who have just entered society and started working. After a period of being "mushrooms," they can better understand various people and matters, laying a solid foundation for future development.

19. Hippocampus Effect

Experiencing something or a scene for the first time can evoke a sense of familiarity, as if one has truly experienced it at some time and place before. This is known as the famous "Hippocampus Effect."

20. Barrel Law

The amount of water a barrel can hold does not depend on the highest plank but rather on the shortest one. Based on this, two conclusions can be drawn: first, only if all the planks are high enough can the barrel be filled with water; second, if there is even one plank that is not tall enough, the barrel cannot be full. This is the famous "Barrel Law," which states that the value of a barrel made of multiple planks lies in its water-holding capacity, but the key factor determining how much water it can hold is not the longest plank but the shortest one.

21. Watch Law

When a person has one watch, they can tell the time, but when they have two or more watches, they cannot determine the time accurately. Having more than one watch does not help a person judge time more accurately; instead, it creates confusion, causing the person to lose the correct judgment of time. This is the famous "Watch Law."

22. Broken Window Effect

If someone breaks a window in a building and the window is not repaired in a timely manner, others may feel encouraged to break more windows. Over time, these broken windows create a sense of disorder, and in such a public atmosphere of apathy, crime will thrive. This is the famous "Broken Window Effect," meaning that if negative phenomena in the environment are allowed to exist, they will encourage people to imitate and even escalate.

23. Exposure Effect

We tend to prefer things we are familiar with; the more familiar something is, the more we like it. This phenomenon, where familiarity increases liking, is known in psychology as the "Exposure Effect" or "Mere Exposure Effect." The Exposure Effect tells us that to enhance interpersonal attraction, one should increase their familiarity in front of others, which can increase the likelihood of others liking them.

24. 80/20 Rule

20% of people in society hold 80% of the wealth. The "80/20 Rule" suggests that there is an inexplicable imbalance between cause and effect, input and output, effort and reward. If measured mathematically, this imbalance results in an 80/20 relationship.

25. Zero-Point Rule

In impression psychology, the Zero-Point Rule is also known as the rotten seed effect. A person's impression, even if we only have a 1% negative attitude, equates to a 100% negative attitude for those interacting with us, thus forming a bad impression.

This is the famous "Zero-Point Rule," which tells us to pursue "zero defects" in product quality and "zero errors" in service quality.

26. 20-Mile Rule

From San Diego on the U.S. West Coast to a certain destination, there is a journey of three thousand miles, with very complex terrain and frequent weather changes. So, how many miles should one walk each day to maintain a suitable pace? The answer is: walk 20 miles a day, or 32 kilometers. This is the famous "20-Mile Rule," which tells us that to accomplish something, one should not blindly pursue immediate hard work but should learn to maintain self-discipline and keep inner stability amidst various external uncertainties, persevering through challenges to achieve set goals.

27. 21-Day Effect

In behavioral psychology, the phenomenon that it takes at least 21 days for a person to form and solidify a new habit or idea is called the "21-Day Effect." In other words, if a person's actions or thoughts are repeated for 21 days, they will become habitual.

28. MiG-25 Effect

The MiG-25 jet fighter developed by the former Soviet Union was favored by many countries for its superior performance. However, many aircraft manufacturing experts were surprised to find that many components used in the MiG-25 were far behind those of American aircraft, yet its overall combat performance reached or even exceeded that of contemporaneous American fighters. The reason for this phenomenon is that the MiG company considered the overall design and coordinated the combination of various components, allowing the aircraft to surpass American fighters in aspects such as lift, speed, and emergency response, making it a world-class fighter at the time. This unexpected effect resulting from coordinated combinations is known as the "MiG-25 Effect." The MiG-25 Effect tells us that the internal structure of things significantly affects their overall functionality.

29. 250 Law

Each customer generally has about 250 friends and family members. If you win a customer's favor, it means winning the favor of 250 people; conversely, if you offend a customer, it means offending 250 customers. This is the famous "250 Law," which tells us to take every person around us seriously.

30. Butterfly Effect

A butterfly flapping its wings in the tropical rainforest of the Amazon may cause a tornado in Texas two weeks later. The reason is that the movement of the butterfly's wings causes changes in the surrounding air system, generating weak air currents, which in turn can cause corresponding changes in the surrounding air or other systems, leading to a chain reaction that ultimately results in significant changes in other systems. This is the famous "Butterfly Effect," which refers to the extreme sensitivity of the outcome of events to initial conditions, where even a tiny deviation in initial conditions can lead to vastly different results.

31. Frog Effect

If a frog is placed in a pot of boiling water, it will immediately jump out. However, if it is placed in a pot of cool water and the heat is gradually increased, the frog will feel the temperature change but will not jump out due to inertia, and by the time it realizes the heat is unbearable, it will be too late. This is the famous "Frog Effect," also known as the "Boiling Frog Law" or "Warm Water Frog Effect."

32. Birdcage Effect

If a person buys an empty birdcage and places it in their living room, after a while, they will either throw it away or buy a bird to keep. This is the famous "Birdcage Effect," one of the ten psychological phenomena that humans find hard to escape.

33. Caterpillar Effect

If many caterpillars are placed on the edge of a flower pot, forming a circle, and some pine needles, which caterpillars like to eat, are scattered nearby, the caterpillars will start to follow each other around the edge of the pot. Hours pass, then days, and the caterpillars continue to circle the pot for seven days and nights, eventually dying from hunger and exhaustion. Scientists refer to this habit of following the path of the one in front as the "Follower Habit," and the phenomenon of failure due to following is called the "Caterpillar Effect," also known as the "Caterpillar Law."

34. Herd Effect

A herd is a disorganized group that often rushes blindly in different directions, but once a lead sheep moves, the others will follow without thinking, completely ignoring the potential wolves nearby or the better grass further away. This is the famous "Herd Effect," which metaphorically illustrates that people have a tendency to conform, and this conformity can easily lead to blind following, often resulting in falling into traps or experiencing failure.

35. Hedgehog's Dilemma

In a cold winter, two tired hedgehogs hug each other for warmth, but they cannot sleep comfortably because their quills prick each other. They try to distance themselves but find it too cold, so they hug again. After several attempts, they finally find a suitable distance that allows them to keep warm without hurting each other. This illustrates the "Psychological Distance Effect" in interpersonal communication. The "Hedgehog's Dilemma" emphasizes the "Psychological Distance Effect" in social interactions.

36. Cow Fly Effect

As a young man, Lincoln plowed fields on his family's farm in Kentucky. The plowing cow was lazy and often dawdled, which frustrated Lincoln. However, there was a time when the cow moved quickly. Lincoln was puzzled until he discovered that several large flies were biting the cow, causing it to itch and move faster than ever. Lincoln learned that to make the cow move quickly, it needed sufficient stimulation. This is the famous "Cow Fly Effect."

37. Wild Horse Outcome

In the African savanna, there are blood-sucking bats that often bite the legs of wild horses. They survive by feeding on the blood of animals, and no matter how angry or frantic the wild horses become, they cannot do anything about these "little guys," who can feed until they are full and leave, while many wild horses suffer and die. Zoologists found that the amount of blood the bats consume is minimal and not enough to kill the horses; the horses die from rage and frantic running. This is the famous "Wild Horse Outcome," referring to the phenomenon of becoming angry over trivial matters and harming oneself due to others' mistakes. The Wild Horse Outcome teaches us to manage our emotions well.

38. Crocodile Effect

If a crocodile bites your foot and you try to pull away with your hand, the crocodile will bite both your foot and hand. The more you struggle, the more you get bitten. Therefore, if a crocodile bites your foot, your only chance is to sacrifice one foot. This is the famous "Crocodile Effect," also known as the "Crocodile Law," often applied in stock trading, meaning that when you find your trades diverging from the market direction, you must stop losses immediately without delay or hope.

39. Catfish Effect

Norwegians enjoy eating sardines, especially live ones. The price of live fish is much higher than that of dead fish, so fishermen try every means to bring live sardines back to port. Despite their efforts, most sardines suffocate and die along the way. Later, someone placed a catfish, which primarily eats fish, in the tank with the sardines. The sardines, seeing the catfish, began to hide, solving the oxygen problem, and most returned to the fishing port alive. This is the famous "Catfish Effect," often applied in the introduction of talent or technology in enterprises, serving as an effective measure for corporate leadership to stimulate employee vitality.

40. Murphy's Law

Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. This is the famous "Murphy's Law," proposed by Edward A. Murphy in 1949. It extends to four profound truths: 1) Nothing is as simple as it seems; 2) Everything takes longer than expected; 3) Anything that can go wrong will go wrong; 4) If you worry about a situation occurring, it is more likely to happen.

41. Placebo Effect

Patients may experience relief from symptoms even when receiving ineffective treatment because they "expect" or "believe" the treatment is effective. This phenomenon is called the "Placebo Effect." Conversely, if patients do not believe the treatment is effective, it may worsen their condition; this opposite phenomenon is called the "Nocebo Effect."

42. Golden Cicada Law

Cicadas, before shedding their skin to become adults, survive underground by sucking the juice from plant roots, enduring darkness, cold, and loneliness for up to 3 or even 17 years. When the larvae mature, they finally emerge one night, climb to the treetops, and complete their transformation, quietly waiting for the sun to rise so they can successfully fly into the sky and rush towards freedom. This is the famous "Golden Cicada Law," teaching us that success requires accumulation, endurance of solitude, and perseverance.

43. Bamboo Law

Bamboo takes four years to grow only 3 centimeters. Starting from the fifth year, it grows rapidly at a rate of 30 centimeters per day, reaching 15 meters in just six weeks. In fact, during the first four years, the bamboo's roots have extended hundreds of square meters into the soil. This is the famous "Bamboo Law," which tells us that success requires sedimentation and accumulation.

44. Lotus Law

In a lotus pond, the number of flowers that bloom on the first day is only a small part, and the number that blooms on the second day is double that of the first day. Each subsequent day, the number of flowers blooming doubles from the previous day... Assuming that by the 30th day, the pond is full of lotus flowers, the question is: on which day did the pond have half of the flowers blooming? Is it the 15th day? Wrong!!! It's the 29th day. This is the famous Lotus Law, also known as the 30-Day Law, which tells us that success requires accumulation and gradual growth.

45. Kuleshov Effect

Kuleshov, a filmmaker from the Soviet era, discovered at the age of 19 a cinematic phenomenon: the emotional response in film is not derived from the content of individual shots but from the juxtaposition of several images. This creative possibility and rationality formed by montage is what constitutes film art. This psychological effect is known as the "Kuleshov Effect." It teaches us that different combinations can lead to different associations, emotional responses, or perceived differences regarding a thing, product, or person, and learning to use these combinations effectively can yield unexpected results.

46. Lucifer Effect

Under the influence of specific situations or atmospheres, a person's character, thinking, and behavior can exhibit incredible aspects, and the "Lucifer Effect" reflects the darker side of human nature. The Lucifer Effect is evident in our surroundings, such as when a person's economic status, social status, or leadership relationships change, their tone and demeanor may subtly shift; the online violence of "keyboard warriors" occurs without time or geographical restrictions.

47. Valenda Effect

In social psychology, the phenomenon of focusing solely on doing the current task without considering anything else and achieving success is called the "Valenda Effect." The Valenda Effect teaches us that in any endeavor, one should not overthink or worry excessively but should focus on the task at hand and give it their all, often leading to success.

48. Not Worth It Law

The psychological effect that if something is not worth doing, it is not worth doing well is called the "Not Worth It Law." A person's reaction to the Not Worth It Law is closely related to their personal values, character, and real-life circumstances.

49. Sour Grapes Effect

When one's true needs are not met, to alleviate inner pressure and frustration, they may fabricate "reasons" to comfort themselves, claiming that what they cannot obtain is "sour." This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Sour Grapes Psychology," also called the "Sour Grapes Effect."

The Sour Grapes Effect teaches us to recognize ourselves and others correctly and to avoid the mentality of comparison.

50. Stereotype Effect

The general views and personal evaluations formed about things or people, where one subjectively believes they should possess certain specific attributes or characteristics while ignoring individual differences, is known as the "Stereotype Effect," also called "Stereotyping." The Stereotype Effect teaches us to understand things or evaluate a person from multiple angles to avoid forming biases.

51. Projection Effect

Projecting one's feelings, will, or characteristics onto others, assuming that others possess the same traits as oneself, is a cognitive bias known as the "Projection Effect." The Projection Effect teaches us that between people and things, there are both commonalities and individualities, and to truly understand oneself and others, one must avoid excessive projection.

52. Hawthorne Effect

The tendency to change one's behavior when aware of being observed or studied is called the "Hawthorne Effect." The Hawthorne Effect teaches us that kind lies and compliments can shape a person; you become what you believe you are.

53. Anchoring Effect

When people make judgments about something or someone, they are often influenced by the first piece of information they receive, which acts like an anchor sunk to the bottom of the sea, constraining their estimates. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Anchoring Effect." Because the "anchor" serves as a reference point, it can affect memory and guide people's final choices or judgments. Therefore, it is essential to take active measures to mitigate its negative impact.

54. Oedipus Effect

The Oedipus Effect, derived from the story of "Oedipus Rex" in ancient Greek drama, refers to the psychological phenomenon where a prophecy, although false, is spoken and believed, ultimately leading to its fulfillment. The Oedipus Effect teaches us not to be easily swayed by prophecies; positive prophecies, if believed, can yield good results, while negative prophecies can lead to poor outcomes.

55. Antaeus Effect

The phenomenon of losing a certain ability once removed from the corresponding conditions is called the "Antaeus Effect." The Antaeus Effect teaches us to gather and rely on collective strength; straying from one's area of expertise or source of strength can easily lead to setbacks.

56. Free-Rider Effect

In a group of interests, certain members make efforts and incur costs for the benefit of the group, while all members, including those who do not contribute, benefit from these efforts. This phenomenon is known as the "Free-Rider Effect." The Free-Rider Effect teaches us that every member of a group must work together to achieve common benefits; if someone does not contribute, it can suppress or weaken the motivation of other members to work hard. If every member of the interest group works together, individual costs will be relatively small.

57. Lipstick Effect

The Lipstick Effect refers to the economic phenomenon where lipstick sales increase sharply during economic downturns. The Lipstick Effect teaches us that during economic recessions, policymakers and business decision-makers can adjust policies and strategies in a timely manner to effectively utilize the Lipstick Effect, minimizing the negative impacts of crises.

58. Authority Effect

A person of high status, prestige, and respect can easily draw attention to their words or actions, making others believe in their correctness. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Authority Effect," also called "Authority Suggestion Effect." The Authority Effect teaches us to use authoritative suggestions to guide positively but not to blindly trust or follow.

59. Domino Effect

The chain reaction of "pulling one hair and moving the whole body" is known as the "Domino Effect." In a system with internal connections, a small initial energy can lead to a series of chain reactions, even causing significant changes.

60. Dead Sea Effect

The movement of talent in enterprises is similar to the evaporation of water in the Dead Sea. For a company, once it reaches a certain stage, capable employees are likely to leave due to low tolerance for poor internal systems and the ease of finding work that meets their expectations; meanwhile, less capable employees, having fewer options, tend to stay in their current environment, eventually becoming mid-level managers over time. This phenomenon is called the "Dead Sea Effect."

61. Straw Principle

Placing a straw on a strong camel does not elicit a response; adding another straw still does not elicit a response. However, once enough straws accumulate, even one more straw can cause the strong camel to collapse. This is the "Straw Principle," emphasizing the phenomenon where small accumulations can lead to significant changes, often referred to as "the last straw that breaks the camel's back."

62. Humor Effect

In daily interactions, difficult or awkward situations inevitably arise, and humor becomes the best regulator. Using witty techniques to relieve oneself can help escape awkward situations and create a harmonious atmosphere, thereby establishing friendly relationships with others. This effective psychological defense mechanism is known as the "Humor Effect."

63. Role Effect

In real life, people's identities and roles change depending on the situation, leading to psychological or behavioral changes. This phenomenon of psychological and behavioral changes resulting from role shifts is known as the "Role Effect." In life, our roles constantly change, such as being a child, parent, teacher, leader, friend, classmate, or lover. This shift determines how we interact with others and entails the rights, obligations, responsibilities, and expectations associated with each role.

64. Pickle Effect

The same vegetables, when soaked in different waters for a period, will taste different when cooked separately. This is the famous "Pickle Effect," emphasizing the impact and importance of the environment on people or things.

65. Wine and Sewage Law

Pouring a spoonful of wine into a barrel of sewage results in a barrel of sewage; pouring a spoonful of sewage into a barrel of wine still results in a barrel of sewage. Clearly, the ratio of sewage to wine does not determine the nature of the contents; the decisive factor is that spoonful of sewage. As long as it exists, no amount of wine can change it into something good. This is the famous "Wine and Sewage Law," often applied in enterprise management, meaning that when an unsuitable person who does not align with the corporate culture and spreads negative influences is discovered, they should be removed quickly to prevent a "bad apple" from poisoning the originally united and upward team.

66. Zero-Sum Game

In a strictly competitive environment, the gain of one party necessarily means the loss of another, and the total sum of gains and losses among the parties involved in the game is zero. This is the "Zero-Sum Game," also known as "Zero-Sum Play," where participants engage in a game where, regardless of the number of participants or their strengths, the outcome is always that some participants win while others lose, and the total of the chips won and lost must always equal zero.

67. Suggestion Effect

The Suggestion Effect refers to the influence on people's psychology and behavior through implicit, abstract, and indirect methods under non-confrontational conditions, leading them to act or accept certain opinions in a way that aligns with the expectations of the suggester.

68. Freezing Face Effect

When a person is speaking in a video and the image is paused, their static image usually does not look as good as the dynamic image during playback. This psychological phenomenon is called the "Freezing Face Effect."

69. Tacitus Effect

When an organization or individual loses credibility, whether they speak the truth or lies, whether they do good or bad deeds, they will be perceived as lying or doing bad things. This is the Tacitus Effect.

70. Complaining Effect

If Company A has people complaining about work while Company B does not, then Company A is certainly more successful than Company B, or the boss of Company A is certainly more successful than the boss of Company B. This is the "Complaining Effect." Complaining is an effective communication method, allowing the company or leadership to understand their shortcomings and the real needs and emotions of employees. Addressing these shortcomings or needs helps the company develop healthily in the long term.

71. Hammer Law

There are no bad deals, only poor salespeople. This is the Hammer Law, proposed by Armand Hammer, a director of Occidental Petroleum.

72. Crying Effect

The phenomenon where people cry due to sorrow and feel relieved, avoiding unfortunate consequences, is called the "Crying Effect." This shows that the Crying Effect can have a positive and constructive role, especially when a person suffers a significant blow; the emotional release from crying is very effective.

73. Witness Memory Effect

Psychological research has proven that many testimonies provided by witnesses are often inaccurate or biased, reflecting personal viewpoints and consciousness. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Witness Memory Effect." The Witness Memory Effect teaches us that witness memories are not entirely reliable and often carry biases, so when judging a matter, one should not rely solely on one person's account.

74. Hot and Cold Water Effect

A cup of cold water, a cup of warm water, and a cup of hot water. When you place your hand in cold water and then in warm water, the warm water feels hot; when you place your hand in hot water and then in warm water, the warm water feels cold. The same cup of warm water produces two different sensations, which is known as the "Hot and Cold Water Effect." The "Hot and Cold Water Effect" arises from changes in human psychology, as the "standard" is shifting, leading to changing expectations of a person or thing. In interpersonal communication, one should skillfully utilize this hot and cold water effect.

75. Beeb Law

After experiencing a strong stimulus, any subsequent stimulus becomes trivial for the individual; from a psychological perspective, the first strong stimulus can dilute the impact of the second smaller stimulus. This is the "Beeb Law," which tells us to do things that are "like sending coal in the snow" and to do less of "adding flowers to the brocade" or "drawing a snake and adding feet."

76. Hot Stove Effect

Anyone in an organization who violates rules must be punished. This is the "Hot Stove Effect," also known as the Hot Stove Law or Punishment Law. Unlike positive reinforcement methods like rewards, the Hot Stove Effect is a form of negative reinforcement. The Hot Stove Effect is often used in enterprise management, where establishing rules serves as a warning to everyone. When someone violates them, they must be treated equally, fairly, justly, and promptly, which can have a good reverse reinforcement effect, benefiting the long-term development of the enterprise.

77. Waterfall Effect

When a person gazes at a waterfall, if they then shift their gaze to the surrounding fields, they may feel as if the objects in the fields are rising. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Waterfall Effect."

78. Label Effect

When a person is labeled with a word or term, they will engage in self-impression management, aligning their behavior with the content of the label. Since this phenomenon arises from being labeled, it is called the "Label Effect." The result of labeling a person often leads them to develop in the direction suggested by the label; positive labels provide positive suggestions, while negative labels provide negative suggestions.

79. Diffusion of Responsibility Effect

When an emergency occurs, if others are present, the responsibility borne by those present diminishes, meaning that the likelihood of any bystander providing help decreases. Even if they do react, their response time is prolonged. This phenomenon is known as the "Diffusion of Responsibility Effect," also called the "Bystander Effect."

80. False Consensus Bias

People often overestimate or exaggerate the universality of their opinions, judgments, and behaviors, even projecting their characteristics onto others, believing that others share the same traits. This phenomenon is known as "False Consensus Bias," also called "False Uniqueness Bias," reminding us not to project our own experiences onto others.

81. Spotlight Effect

Overestimating the attention others pay to one's appearance and behavior is known as the "Spotlight Effect," also called the "Social Spotlight Effect." The Spotlight Effect means viewing oneself as the center of everything while overestimating others' attention, especially when one embarrasses themselves, believing everyone will notice, when in fact, this is not the case.

82. Beauty Equals Goodness Effect

People tend to assume that someone who is outstanding in appearance, intelligence, or talent is also good in other aspects. This is known as the "Beauty Equals Goodness Effect."

83. Lightning Rod Effect

Installing a lightning rod at the top of a tall building utilizes the phenomenon of discharge at the tip to attract and release lightning from the clouds; connecting the lightning rod to a metal plate buried underground allows the lightning current to be released to the ground through conductive materials, reducing and neutralizing the charge, thus preventing the building from being struck by lightning. This is the "Lightning Rod Effect," symbolizing that good guidance leads to safety.

84. Buridan's Ass Effect

In the decision-making process, the phenomenon of indecisiveness and hesitation is known as the "Buridan's Ass Effect." The Buridan Effect teaches us that one cannot have both fish and bear's paw; one cannot have it all.

85. Tibetan Mastiff Effect

The Tibetan Mastiff is a family guard dog or shepherd dog living on the Tibetan Plateau. Due to the nomadic lifestyle of Tibetan herders, the Tibetan Mastiff must endure extremely harsh climatic conditions and possess survival abilities such as endurance to hunger and resistance to disease. Therefore, the Tibetan people have conducted artificial selection based on natural selection. When young Tibetan dogs grow teeth and can bite, their owners place them in a closed environment without food or water, allowing them to tear each other apart until only one survives, which is called a mastiff. This phenomenon is known as the "Tibetan Mastiff Effect."

86. Flower Pot Effect

A flower pot is a semi-artificial, semi-natural small environment. It has many spatial limitations, but due to the artificially created suitable environmental conditions, crops and flowers can grow well for a period. However, once they are no longer cared for, the flowers in the pot struggle to withstand temperature changes and the elements. This is the "Flower Pot Effect," also known as the "Local Habitat Effect."

87. Tuning Fork Effect

When the frequency of a tuning fork matches the resonant frequency of glass, even glass that bullets cannot penetrate can shatter instantly; a shout in the snowy mountains can trigger an avalanche. This method of inducing change and influence through subtle means rather than force is known as the "Tuning Fork Effect," meaning that for certain things, the impact is not about the magnitude of the force but about finding the right pulse and resonating in harmony, where small disturbances can lead to significant effects.

88. Tide Effect

The sea rises due to the gravitational pull of celestial bodies, with greater gravitational pull resulting in higher tides, weaker pull resulting in smaller tides, and too weak pull resulting in no tide. This phenomenon is known as the "Tide Effect." The Tide Effect is often used to describe the relationship between talent and society or enterprises. Society needs talent, and the times call for talent, leading to the emergence of talent; enterprises attract excellent talent by adjusting compensation and incentives.

89. Garbage Person Law

People with many negative and harmful emotions are like a "garbage truck." When their negative energy accumulates, they need to find a place to dump it, and sometimes they just happen to encounter someone, dumping their garbage onto that person. This phenomenon is known as the "Garbage Person Law." Cases related to the "Garbage Person Law" occur frequently in life; sometimes, it may just be due to a verbal spat, a careless bump, or simply a passerby, leading to provocation, assault, or even death.

90. Embarrassment Effect

An average person may not be admired, but a person without any flaws may not be liked either; the most likable person is often the one who is clever yet has minor flaws. This psychological phenomenon is known as the "Embarrassment Effect," also called the "Looking Up at the Feet Effect." For an excellent person, minor mistakes do not affect people's fondness for them; instead, they make them seem genuine and trustworthy. Conversely, if a person appears perfect with no flaws or cracks, they may seem insincere, making it difficult for others to approach and trust them.

91. Veblen Effect

The degree of consumer demand for a product increases with its higher price rather than a lower price, meaning that the higher the price of a product, the more likely it is to be favored by consumers, reflecting the psychological desire for conspicuous consumption. This phenomenon was first proposed by American economist Thorstein Veblen, hence it is called the "Veblen Effect."

92. Foot-in-the-Door Effect

Once a person accepts a trivial request from another, to avoid cognitive dissonance or to give a consistent impression, they may be more likely to accept a larger request. This phenomenon is likened to ascending a threshold step by step, hence it is called the "Foot-in-the-Door Effect," also known as the "Gradual Increase Effect."

93. NIMBY Effect

Residents or local units may develop aversion due to concerns that construction projects (such as landfills, nuclear power plants, crematoriums, etc.) will negatively impact health, environmental quality, and property values, leading to a "Not in My Backyard" mentality, characterized by strong and resolute, highly emotional collective opposition or even protest actions. This phenomenon is known as the "NIMBY Effect."

94. Quenching Effect

When metal workpieces are heated to a certain temperature and then immersed in a coolant, the performance of the metal workpieces improves and stabilizes after cooling. In psychology, this cooling treatment is referred to as the "Quenching Effect," while in education, it is called "Frustration Education." In a child's growth process, appropriate "frustration education" can lead to greater psychological maturity and resilience.

95. Aguayo Effect

If a person is satisfied with a product they purchased, they will share this positive feeling with around 8 people; however, if they are dissatisfied, they will share this negative impression with at least 20 people. This purchasing psychology phenomenon is known as the "Aguayo Effect."

96. Observer Effect

The behavior of the observed person or thing is influenced to some extent by being observed. This phenomenon is known as the "Observer Effect," meaning that we can hardly observe something without affecting it.

97. Backfire Effect

Addressing a mistake that was supposed to be criticized not with direct criticism but by fully affirming or praising its strengths, allowing the wrongdoer to self-reflect and recognize their mistakes, is known in criticism psychology as the "Backfire Effect."

98. Cobra Effect

A solution to a problem that not only fails to address the root cause but exacerbates the issue is known as the "Cobra Effect."

99. Jungle Law

The biological law of survival of the fittest, where competition leads to the elimination of the weak and the survival of the strong, is known as the "Jungle Law."

100. Russian Doll Phenomenon

People tend to choose subordinates who are similar to themselves but "smaller" in some way. This phenomenon is known as the "Russian Doll Phenomenon."